Wednesday, August 20, 2008, 3:33AM ET - U.S. Markets open in 5 hours and 57 minutes.

Jack M. Guttentag The Mortgage Professor

Jack M. Guttentag, The Mortgage Professor

How to Shop for an Option ARM

by Jack M. Guttentag

Very Good (22 Ratings)
3.04545455/5
Posted on Wednesday, February 7, 2007, 12:00AM

A reader writes: "I want the low payments that are available on an option ARM, but I don’t know what I should be looking for in shopping for one. Can you help?"

Reluctantly.

I don’t much like the option ARM because of its complexity and hidden booby traps. However, some borrowers will ignore all warnings because they are mesmerized by the low initial monthly payment, calculated at rates as low as 1%. If you are going to take an option ARM anyway, knowing their major features may save you some grief. Here they are, in order of importance.

Margin: The Most Important Feature of an Option ARM

The option ARM adjusts the rate monthly. That means that the lovely-looking 1% rate you saw in the ads holds for just one month. In month two and every subsequent month, the rate is set to equal the most recent value of the rate index plus a margin.

For example, assume your ARM uses MTA as the index and your margin is 3%. In May 2005, MTA was 2.633%. If your first month with this loan was May, in June your rate would jump from 1% to 5.633%.

The margin is fixed for the life of any one loan, but it varies widely between borrowers. This makes it feature No. 1 on your shopping list. Further, if you don’t shop the margin, the chances are good you won’t even know what it is until the loan closes. Loan providers usually don’t volunteer it, and it's not a required disclosure.

Maximum Rate on an Option ARM

There are no rate adjustment caps on an option ARM. The only limit set on the rate is a maximum over the life of the contract. This makes the maximum rate feature No. 2 on your shopping list. In today’s market, look for a maximum of about 10%, but it can vary some from lender to lender.

The tradeoff between margin and maximum rate is a judgment call. If lender A offers a 3% margin and 10% maximum, for example, and lender B wants a 4% margin, I would look for a 7.5% maximum from B to make the deals roughly equivalent.

Interest Rate Index

Most option ARMs use one of four indexes selected because of their relative stability. These are called MTA, COFI, CODI, and COSI.

There isn’t a lot of difference between these indexes. Over the last decade, COFI and COSI have averaged 4.0% while MTA and CODI have averaged 4.2%. (These figures come from Mortgage-X.com, which is an excellent source of information on ARM indexes.)

Recast Period and Negative Amortization Cap

The great appeal of the option ARM is the low initial payment combined with the 7.5% cap on annual payment increases. The payment in the early years is not affected by interest rate changes, and in most cases does not cover the interest. The result is a rising balance, or negative amortization.

However, a day of reckoning must come. Sooner or later, the payment must become fully amortizing -- large enough to pay off the balance over the remaining term. This can happen smoothly by successive 7.5% annual payment increases, or suddenly when the loan reaches the recast month or hits a negative amortization cap.

On most option ARMs, the payment is recast every five years, though some recast every 10 years. On the recast date, the payment becomes fully amortizing, no matter how large an increase that may require.

Option ARMs also have a limit on how large negative amortization can go, ranging from 110% to 125% of the original loan amount. When the balance hits the cap, the payment is immediately raised to the fully amortizing level, no matter how large an increase that may require.

All other things the same, a longer recast period and higher negative amortization cap will delay a payment shock, and the shock will be somewhat smaller when it occurs. For example, in one of many tests I ran that are reported on my web site, the payment on an ARM with 5-year recast rose by 7.5% for four years, and by 88% at recast. The same loan with a 10-year recast rose by 7.5% for nine years, and then by 61%.

The bottom line is that a longer recast and higher negative amortization cap are desirable, but I wouldn't accept a larger margin or higher maximum rate to get them.

The Good News: Prices Don't Fluctuate

On all other mortgages, interest rates are reset every day. This means that effective comparison shopping must be done within the day. On option ARMs, in contrast, the principal price features do not vary with the market. Hence, if need be you can stretch out your comparison shopping without invalidating the results.

Rate This story

Very Good (22 Ratings)
3/5
Sign-in to rate!

7 Comments

Showing comments 1-5 of 7Next >>
Sort: first to last
  • Yahoo! Finance User - Friday, March 2, 2007, 12:10PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 5/5

    Good heads up for those thinking about this kind of loan. People do what people want to believe will work. I have both 30 yr fixed and 5/30 ARM. I like them both for their intended purposes, however, I shopped carefully and stayed within my means. That's the bottom line.

  • Yahoo! Finance User - Tuesday, February 20, 2007, 9:52PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 1/5

    This article is garbage. He never mentions the fact that any regularly 30 year amortizing loan take 24 years to pay down HALF of the priciple balance. After year 15 you havent even touched 25% of the priciple balance.. The banks whole idea in a regular mortgage is to refinance you in the earliy years so that they get thier money first and you get yours last. Well it just so happens that the national average for people to refinance thier loans is 4.2 years. That means that the LARGE MAJORITY of thier (the borrower's) $2000/3000/4000 monthly payment is going straight to the bank. Option ARMs at least give you the chance to take control of the money you normally would have paid to the bank and add it to the principle balance. By doing this you, essentially take out an additional loan at the true interest rate on the note. By paying the minimum payment it cuts your mortgage payment in half. Just by common sense, anyone can figure out that if you take out money at a 7.5% and invest it with a rate of return higher than that you will be making money. Nobody ever went broke by taking a profit. Also if your in a down real estate market this loan gives you the capability of controlling literally aproximately DOUBLE the amount of propety which will return to you double the amount of return when the market becomes inflated again. There are lots more to this loan than this man looks at and considers. The thirty year fixed mortgage is for people who plan on staying in that mortgage for 30 YEARS however nobody does this and therefore it become THE MOST EXPENSIVE (30 year fixed) loan on the market. In the fifth year of any thirty year fixed mortgage (a few months after the national average has alreadt refinanced) you have paid a large amount to interest and virtually nothing to principle in comparison. This inflates the TRUE interest rates on 30 year fixed mortgages to literally hundreds of percents. A HUGE FACTOR that this man never mentions. The only way a thiry year fixed mortgage is good is if you plan to stay in it for thirty years.. THATS IT! The reason that this loan get bad press like this is that not many people understand how to use it and abuse the low payment rate as if it extra spending cash. This is a financial tool that takes dicipline and planning to use it is not meant to be misused by the borrower you need to do something that will make you more money in the long run with this loan. And that not even half of the reasons you can use it I just dont feel like typing anymore!

  • RandomLeeKind - Friday, February 16, 2007, 1:50PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 5/5

    Excellent article. Pay option loans don't benefit the consumer/borrower, they benefit the banks and lenders who are able to finance your would be equity for the rest of your life. The end result is higher home prices and less equity at retirement. Who do you think gets rich when you go with the increasing trend of not owning your home free and clear?

  • Frank Rodriguez - Thursday, February 15, 2007, 11:35PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 1/5

    Equity is NOT cash...most people NEVER pay their homes off living on average in them 8-9 years and refinancing every 4-5...simpletons look at Option ARMS as "Negative Amortization" when in fact, you are going "negative" on your cash that you plug into the walls of your house "interest free". What's the monthly payment on a 30-year loan with a monthly payment of $2,000 in year15? $2,000!!! How about year 20? Or year 29? the same. Yeah, that's right, your payment NEVER goes down regardless of how long you've had it? And what do you get at the end of those 30 years? Oh, you don't have to pay $2,000 anymore...of course with normal inflation a $2,000 payment today will be the equivalent of a $700 payment in 30 years in todays dollars and nobody could argue that that ain't a life-breaker for most people...unles they don't have REAL savinfgs that is!! Here's a question for the simpleton's like Mr. Guttentag: How much interest is your mortgage paying you? How much income do you generate from your house? And if you were to pay off your house, and lets use the example of a $300,000 mortgage at 6.5% over 30 years here, how much of the $600,00 that came out of your pocket (not including taxes and insurance) will the bank give you back with INTEREST if you want to borrow some money BECAUSE YOU NEVER SAVED A DIME while you were busy following Mr. Guttentag's simplistic advice? That is where an option arm comes in. An Option Arm is for sophisticated borrowers to be used as an investment tool or for folks who are in "Address transition" who have equity but could use more cash NOW before they sell their homes and move. On a balance sheet, equity and cash are assets with equal value...but try buying a STICK of gum at the local 7-11 with a copy of your appraisal ("Look here! My house is WORTH $600,000") and your mortgage statement ("..and as you can see, my balance is only $80,000...clearly you can see I can pay for this stick of gum so why won't you ring it up and give it to me???") yet NOBODY CARES about your equity until you do what??? CONVERT IT INTO CASH! And to do that you can only sell or refinance over and over and over....or have an Option ARM that CAN monthly convert accumulated equity into cash. You're gonna pay the bank one way or another and with a fixed rate mortgage that Mr. Guttentag advocates like many of the OLD way of thinking, all you pay is the bank OFF (though probably NEVER) and you are left with ZERO...and end up selling to make ends meet because ALL of their money went into the walls of their homes over the years and not into their own interest-bearing savings accounts or retirement accounts. BRILLIANT advice! One more thing: Due to inflation, a Dollar into the walls of your house does NOT come out as a dollar...that is why $1 million doesn't buy what it used to and why folks who spent their lives paying off their house can't retire without skimping if they used ONLY thier house as their primary SAVINGS tool over their lifetimes...cash is cash and equity is cash "un-realized" and once people GET THAT they will be a LOT better off. Read "Missed Fortune 101" and "Ordinary People, Extraordinary Wealth" if you seek the REAL way to do things folks. 'Ol Jack G. is from the 1940's way of thinking.

  • petevegas - Monday, February 12, 2007, 5:34PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 5/5

    stay away from POA's (Pay Option ARMS), Freedom Loans, neg ams, deferred interest loan,s, or any other cute name a lender, broker, or bank comes up with. For the most part, everyone who has gotten into one of these has regretted it. You will lose equity, be forced to refinance, probably get crushed with an early pre payment penalty. Get a 5,7, or 10 yr IO (interest only)...a much better option.

Showing comments 1-5 of 7Next >>

More from Jack M. Guttentag

The Mortgage Encyclopedia

An authoritative yet concise guide to the mysteries of mortgage finance, arranged alphabetically from "A-Credit" to "Zero Balance." Includes information that will help you decide whether to use a mortgage broker, learn if you can avoid mortgage insurance, and much more. Reach for this indispensable guide and get the fast, accurate information you need!

Order your copy now!

Find out more about The Mortgage Professor.

More from Yahoo! Sources

  • CNN Money
  • Consumer Reports
  • Kiplinger
  • The Motley Fool
  • Business Week
  • Wall Street Journal

Sponsored Links

Finance Software
Choose Right Finance Management Software. Free White Paper.
Microsoft-Partner.com
national mortgage lender
Find providers of mortgage lenders in our directory.
www.business.com